What is glaucoma, 10 important points You should know it!
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What is glaucoma |
Article Content:
1-What is glaucoma2-Forms and symptoms of What is glaucoma3-When to see a doctor at What is glaucoma4-Risk factors for glaucoma5-How to avoid the progressive loss of vision6-glaucoma Surgery
What is glaucomaForms and symptoms of glaucomaWhen to see a doctorRisk factors for glaucomaThe dangerous glaucomaHow to avoid the progressive loss of visionDiagnosing glaucomaglaucoma TreatmentPrices for eye surgery for glaucomaWhat is glaucomaInformation for Patients
Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness in the world. This disease is characterized by changes in the optic nerve, which may result in restriction of the field of view, and even blindness. These changes can occur so gradually that you may not notice them until such time as there was a permanent damage of the optic nerve.
One of the characteristics of glaucoma is raised intraocular pressure.
Early diagnosis and treatment can reduce or prevent damage to the optic nerve. It is important that you regularly visit an eye doctor and checked the intraocular pressure.
Forms and symptoms of What is glaucoma:
There are two main forms of glaucoma - open-and-closure.
Open-angle glaucoma occurs much more frequently (90-95%) and is the most insidious since it can take place virtually without symptoms until the complete loss of vision. In this form of glaucoma is a gradual narrowing of the field of view, and with a good sight of the fellow eye can not see until it is total blindness.
Angle-closure glaucoma is less common and is accompanied by a periodically occurring halo around lights, blurred vision, in some cases, severe pain in the eyes, redness of eyes, a sharp decline in vision, nausea, and vomiting.
When to see a doctor at What is glaucoma:
Do not wait until there will be noticeable vision problems, any inexplicable from your point of view visual discomfort requires a visit to an ophthalmologist!
Regular examination by an eye doctor is the key to early detection of glaucoma that can successfully treat and prevent further progression of the disease.
It recommended a comprehensive eye examination for all adults starting at age 40, and every three to five years after that. Special caution should be when your relatives suffered from glaucoma or have been blind, has no known cause.
Also, keep in mind that a severe headache or eye pain, nausea, blurred vision or halos around lights may be symptoms of an acute attack of glaucoma. If you experience any or several of these symptoms together, immediately consult your eye doctor.
Risk factors for glaucoma:
Elevated intraocular pressure. If you have intraocular pressure is higher than normal, you are at increased risk of developing glaucoma.
Age. A higher risk of developing glaucoma in individuals older than 60 years.
A family history of glaucoma. If you have a family history of glaucoma, you have a greater risk of developing the disease.
Individual features of the anatomical structure of the eye may be a predisposing factor for the development of glaucoma.
Related common diseases. The presence of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hypothyroidism can increase the risk of developing the disease.
Related eye diseases. By increasing the risk of secondary glaucoma can cause severe eye injuries, eye tumors, retinal detachment, and inflammatory eye diseases, changing the position of the lens and the size of some of the complications of surgery on the eyes.
Prolonged use of corticosteroids (prednisone, dexamethasone, etc.). The use of these drugs, especially as eye drops for a long period of time may increase the risk of secondary glaucoma.
The dangerous glaucoma
In most cases, glaucoma does not cause any noticeable symptoms until the disease has caused permanent damage.
If left untreated, glaucoma can lead to a progressive loss of vision.
In the later stages of glaucoma has already arrived practically irreversible lesions even with successful treatment in reducing intraocular pressure.
How to avoid the progressive loss of vision:
The regular comprehensive examination can help detect glaucoma in its early stages when irreversible changes have not yet occurred. Typically, these surveys should be conducted every three to five years after age 40 and every year after age 60, you may need more frequent screening if you have risk factors for glaucoma.
Diagnosing glaucoma:
For glaucoma diagnosis and effective treatment is necessary to perform the following tests:
Investigation of sharpness.
Glaucoma treatment - surgery and drug therapy
The main method of treatment for glaucoma is to lower intraocular pressure to the optic nerve decompression. Glaucoma - a chronic disease, however, and full recovery is impossible vision lost, usually not recovered. However, timely diagnosis, treatment, and regular checkups can prevent vision loss, and if vision loss has already occurred, treatment can slow or prevent further vision loss.
glaucoma Medication:
Glaucoma treatment often starts with the purpose of eye drops. Currently, there are a large number of products in which possible normalization of intraocular pressure.
Eye drops can reduce intraocular pressure and reduce the risk of progression of glaucoma. These drops must be taken regularly, without interruption, to monitor their effectiveness at the doctor!
If eye drops do not reduce the intraocular pressure to the desired level, it is possible to use tablets (carbonic anhydrase inhibitors), but long-term use can cause side effects, including hypokalemia, paresthesia, muscle weakness, cramps, skin flushing, itching, tinnitus, nausea, vomiting, metabolic acidosis, hives, frequent urination, exacerbation of urolithiasis.
Laser treatment of glaucoma:
To date, developed and widely introduced into clinical practice the whole system of different types of laser surgery for glaucoma, which makes it possible to select the appropriate method in each case.
The basic techniques of laser treatment of glaucoma operations:
- Laser trabeculoplasty
- Laser iridectomy
- Laser destsemetogoniopunktura
- In the later stages performed laser tsiklokoagulyatsiya
- According to testimony carried out combined laser interference affecting the various structures of the eyeball.
Attention is drawn to the fact that the performance of laser and other procedures can not guarantee a cure for glaucoma, so the patient should also be observed before the operation in-filmology doctor. This is necessary in order not to miss the elevated intraocular pressure associated with the closure formed by laser or surgery outflow tract due to cicatricial process.
glaucoma Surgery:
Surgical treatment is the most effective way to reduce intraocular pressure.
surgical task - not an increase of, and preservation of existing due to lower intraocular pressure, so it is important to carry out the operation for glaucoma in the early stages when there came the irreversible damage to the optic nerve.
In determining the timing of surgical treatment should be considered that the present tactics of patients with glaucoma are aimed at early surgery provides a better prognosis and safety. Recent studies have shown that more favorable than for non-operated for the operated glaucoma.
testimony:
Inability to achieve the desired individual «tselevogo» intraocular pressure local hypotensive drugs or laser therapy.
The inability of the other treatments (including non-compliance with medical recommendations, significant side effects) or the unavailability of appropriate medical therapy.
Having a high level of intraocular pressure, which is unlikely to be normalized by some other method except for surgical treatment.
In operation, additional paths are formed outflow of intraocular fluid that contributes to the normalization of intraocular pressure.
Main types of operations on the eye in glaucoma
trabeculectomy
Penetrating deep sclerotic ectomy
Operation using different types of drains
It should be noted that after surgery on the eye constant observation of the patient is required by an ophthalmologist, because in most cases, glaucoma develops in the fellow eye, and in the long-term period after surgery as a result of scarring formed outflow tracts may increase intraocular pressure in the operated eye, which can require the fulfillment of repeated surgical interventions.
To summarize, it should be recalled that regular comprehensive examinations can help detect glaucoma in its early stages when irreversible changes have not yet occurred. As a general rule, inspections must be carried out every three to five years after age 40 and every year after age 60. In the presence of risk factors requires more frequent Screen
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